Energy and Electricity Minister Kgosientsho Ramokgopa recently explored the capabilities of nuclear technology at US-based X-energy, an Amazon-funded company with strong South African connections. This move aligns with South Africa’s objective to shift from coal reliance to sustainable energy, targeting 2,500MW of new nuclear capacity over the coming years.
X-energy, with a recent $300-million (R5.3 billion) investment from Amazon, is at the forefront of small modular reactor (SMR) technology. South Africa’s transition plan includes at least one SMR alongside two larger reactors, with the potential to install an SMR at Pelindaba near Hartbeespoort in North West province.
X-energy’s Innovative Pebble Bed Modular Reactor
X-energy’s pioneering product, the Xe-100 Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR), stands out as a compact and scalable option. Designed to produce 80MW per unit, the PBMR uses enriched uranium dioxide fuel contained within graphite spheres, known as “pebbles.” These pebbles transfer heat to helium gas, producing steam to drive turbines and generate electricity. Up to four units can be combined for a total of 320MW, suitable for both industrial and urban energy needs.
Currently, X-energy is building a 320MW SMR plant for Dow Chemicals in Seadrift, Texas, with an expected operational date of 2028. Additionally, Amazon has partnered with X-energy to develop 4,500MW of modular reactor capacity to power its data centres. South African venture capitalist André Pienaar, CEO of C5 Capital and a major investor in X-energy, emphasised Amazon’s involvement as crucial in scaling up SMR production to meet global demand.
SMRs for South Africa: Feasibility and Future Plans
C5 Capital, which has a vested interest in bringing nuclear energy to South Africa, has completed a feasibility study supporting SMR deployment in the country. Their research highlights South Africa’s strategic advantage due to its existing nuclear infrastructure, especially at Pelindaba. Pienaar indicated that C5 Capital aims to raise R9 billion to establish a 320MW SMR plant in the Western Cape.
The South African government’s interest in SMRs also aligns with its broader energy diversification goals. SMRs are celebrated for their safer, more efficient, and quicker deployment than traditional nuclear plants, offering a practical approach to the country’s growing energy demands. The Amazon-backed funding and feasibility studies underscore a compelling partnership to accelerate South Africa’s journey towards low-carbon energy solutions.
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